Category: Mental Healths

• Definition
• Overview
• Disorders
• Types Of Bipolar Disorder
• Causes Of Bipolar Disorder
• Symptoms
• Affect
• Diagnosis
• Treatments
• How To Cope With Bipolar Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder bottom line

Bipolar Disorder – A Beginners Guide

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental health condition that causes intense mood swings. It has various types, causes, signs, and symptoms, but with proper treatment, one can get their symptoms under control and live life to the fullest.

Bipolar disorder can negatively impact a person’s everyday life, but the effect varies from person to person. Many people with this condition live full lives with appropriate support and treatment.

This blog discusses everything that one should be aware of bipolar disorder, such as its symptoms, causes, treatment options, types, etc.

Bipolar Disorder – An Overview

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness or manic depression, is a mental condition that causes unusual shifts in a person’s mood, activity levels, concentration, and energy. These shifts can make it difficult to carry out everyday tasks.  

Around 5.7 million adult Americans, or about 2.6% of the U.S. population, are affected by Bipolar Disorder every year (age 18 and older), according to the National Institute of Mental Health [1].

What Are The Types Of Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar Disorder is a condition that impacts your mental health drastically. Below are the four types of Bipolar Disorder –

Bipolar I: 

It is the most common type of Bipolar Disorder of the four types. It is characterized by one or more manic episodes, with or without depression. The mania must be serious enough that hospitalization is required and can last a week or more. 

Bipolar II: 

This type of Bipolar Disorder is characterized by having both depressive and manic episodes. The mania that is experienced in this type of Bipolar Disorder is usually less serious than the mania experienced in Bipolar I. You experience a major episode of depression when you’ve bipolar II, either before or after you’ve had a manic break.

Cyclothymic disorder:

Cyclothamia or Cyclothymic disorder generally involves mood swings or shifts between depressive or hypomanic that persist for more than two years. The mania and depressive episodes do not meet the criteria for diagnosis of bipolar disorder episodes. There may be duration or periods of normal mood as well, but those periods last less than eight weeks. 

Other types: 

People with this type of disorder experience symptoms that do not come under the above-mentioned categories, and it is considered type IV or “other.”  The symptoms may arise from various factors, such as alcohol or drug use or an underlying medical condition [2]. 

Causes Of Bipolar Disorder

So, what causes Bipolar Disorder? Let’s find out the risk factors for Bipolar Disorder –

Genetic Factors

The data from the Centre for Genetics Education indicate that if a family member ( such as a sibling or parent) has bipolar disorder, then a person is more likely to develop the condition.

Brain Chemicals

It’s believed that individuals with Bipolar Disorder have an imbalance of certain neurotransmitters (brain chemicals) that are responsible for regulating behavior and mood. 

Environmental factors

There are a number of environmental triggers that may lead to Bipolar Disorder. Such as:

Alcohol, medications, drug use – 

Certain substances can cause an individual to experience symptoms of Bipolar Disorder. For example, certain medicines, alcohol, and recreational drugs can cause mania, depression, and hypomanic episodes, and these mimic the symptoms associated with different types of Bipolar Disorder. 

Going through stressful events

A stressful life event or situation can also trigger the symptoms of Bipolar Disorder.

Some examples of stressful triggers include –

• Physical, sexual, or emotional abuse.
• The breakdown of a relationship.
• Death of a close family member or loved one. 

Bipolar depression can also be triggered by –

• Sleep disturbances
• Physical illness.
• Overwhelming problems in everyday life. 

Substance Abuse Disorder 

Some researchers suggest that substance abuse can increase the risk of developing Bipolar Disorder. A study, namely Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy, found that 61% of people with bipolar I had a history of alcohol or drug use, and in those with bipolar II, the figure was 48% [3].

What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder?

The symptoms of Bipolar Disorder vary between individuals. For some people, an episode can last for a long period of time (several months to years), whereas some may experience “highs” and “lows” at the same time or in quick succession.

Mania or hypomania 

Mania and hypomania are elevated moods. However, mania is more intense than hypomania. Symptoms include –

• Feeling weird.
• Missing work or school.
• Feeling able to do anything.
• Engaging in risky behavior.
• Increased libido.
• Feeling euphoric or exhilarated.
• Underperforming at work or school.
• Sleeping little but not feeling exhausted or tired.
• Impaired judgment.
• A sense of boredom or distraction.
• Being sociable and forthcoming, sometimes aggressively.
• Talking a lot and rapidly.
• Denying or not realizing anything is wrong.
• Having racing thoughts.
• Skipping from one topic to another in conversation.

Depressive Symptoms 

During an episode of bipolar depression, a person may experience the following symptoms. 

• Extreme sadness
• Sleeping problems and insomnia
• Weight gain or weight loss
• Irritability
• Extreme fatigue, tiredness, and listlessness
• Sensitivity to smells, noises, and other things that others may not notice.
• An inability to face going to work or school, leading to underperformance
• Anxiety about minor issues
• A sense of guilt, which may be misplaced
• Eating more or eating less
• Inability to enjoy activities or interests that usually give pleasure.

Psychosis

If a “low” or “high” episode is very severe, the individual may experience psychosis. They may have trouble differentiating between reality and fantasy.

Some of the symptoms of psychosis, according to the International Bipolar Foundation, are hallucinations and delusion [4]. 

In some severe situations, the individual may think about ending their life.

Disclaimer –

The symptoms of bipolar disorder in men and women are similar. Thus, the above-mentioned conditions (mania and depression signs) may be experienced by everyone, irrespective of their gender. 

Who Does Bipolar Disorder Affect?

Bipolar depression can affect people irrespective of their age and gender. 

The average age of onset is 25 years. But in rare cases, it can affect people as early as childhood or in their late 40s or 50s. 

The occurrence of bipolar disorder is higher in females (3.3%) than in males (2.6%) in adolescents. 

Diagnosis For Bipolar Disorder

To be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, one should experience at least one episode of hypomania or mania. It is diagnosed through a physical examination conducted through lab tests.  

Some of the ways to diagnose bipolar disorder are listed below. 

Physical exam – 

Your doctors may do a lab test to determine any medical conditions that could be causing your symptoms.

Mood charting –

Your doctor may ask you to keep a daily record of your sleep patterns, mood, or other factors that could help with diagnosis.

Physical assessment-

Your primary healthcare provider may refer you to a psychiatrist, who will talk to you about your feelings, behavior, and thought patterns. You may also be asked to fill out a psychological questionnaire or self-assessment.

Criteria for bipolar disorder – 

Your psychiatrist may compare the symptoms of bipolar disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association.  

Treatments for Bipolar Disorder

Treatment mainly aims to stabilize the individual’s mood and reduce the symptoms. The goal is to help the person function effectively in everyday life. 

Treatment includes a combination of 

• Medication.
• Counseling.
• Physical intervention.

Medications –

Most psychiatrists often prescribe medicines to balance your moods right away. The medications for Bipolar disorder come under various categories, such as mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. 

Psychotherapy and Counseling-

Therapy is crucial for dealing with bipolar disorder and the problems or issues that it has caused in your life. Working with a therapist can help you to learn how to cope with uncomfortable or difficult feelings, manage stress, repair your relationships, and regulate your mood. 

Hospitalization-

In severe cases, doctors may recommend hospitalization if you have suicidal tendencies or become detached from reality. Getting treatment at a hospital can help you to calm and stabilize your mood, whether you’re having a major or manic depressive episode.

How To Cope With Bipolar Disorder?

Below are some proven strategies that may help to cope with Bipolar Disorder – 

Avoid alcohol and drugs – 

These can make our moods worse, and if you’re on medication, alcohol and drugs can be dangerous since they can impact the effectiveness of the medicines.

Take your medicines as prescribed by your psychiatrist

It is essential to take your medicines as prescribed by your doctor because abrupt changes to your medications can have serious negative impacts, including new mood episodes.

Be physically active 

Physical workout has proven to help improve mood and reduce the risk of future mood changes or episodes. Since it can be hard to get started, therefore, do what you can easily manage right now. Even a 10 minutes walk daily can have a positive effect on your mood. 

Stick to a sleep schedule 

Sleep disturbances can trigger the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Sticking to a consistent bedtime routine is proven to keep mood episodes at bay.

Reduce stress

Stress is a major risk factor for depressive and manic episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder. Learning how to manage it can help you to stay physically, behaviorally, and emotionally safe.

Grow your support system 

Life with bipolar disorder can be difficult therefore, surround yourself with people who care for you and want to help you. 

Bipolar Disorder – The Bottom Line

Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition that impacts many aspects of a person’s life. It is treatable, but without treatment, bipolar disorder can get worse.

Below are some of the key points of the blog –

• Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health illness that can cause unusual mood swings ranging from extreme highs (manic episodes or mania) to extreme lows ( depressive episodes or depression).
• There are four types of Bipolar disorder, namely bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymic disorder, and other types. 
• Bipolar disorder is caused due to genetic factors, environmental factors, and due to imbalances in brain chemicals. 
• Bipolar disorder is diagnosed by physical exam, mood charting, etc., and there are various treatment options available such as medication and counseling, among others.

• Definition
• Facts
• Why Is Mental Health Important?
• Disorders
• Risk And Protective Factors
• Early Signs
• Mental Health Symptoms Checklist
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Maintaining Mental Health
• Overcoming Mental Health Stigma
• Improve Mental Health In The Workplace?
• Facilities Near me

Mental Health Matters: A Guide to Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Common Disorders

Mental health is all about how people think, feel, and behave, and can affect daily living, relationships, and physical health. There are various mental health disorders, such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia disorders.

Mental health is an essential component of people’s lives. Poor mental health can impact our well-being and our relationships with family, friends, and society.

Looking after one’s mental health can help a person preserve their ability to enjoy life.

In this blog, we will explain what mental health is, what the various types of mental health disorders are, and how to combat them. 

What Is Mental Health- An Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, Mental health is a state of mental well-being that helps a person get through the stresses of life, realize their abilities, work well, learn well, and contribute to their society. 

It is a fundamental component of well-being and health that underpins our collective and individual abilities to build relationships, make decisions, and shape the world we live in [1].

Mental health disorders disrupt everyday activities, thus making it important to pay attention and care [2]. 

Why Is Mental Health Important?

Sound mental well-being is a very important aspect of living a healthy life. It profoundly influences every aspect of our lives. The Mental Health of a person can impact their thoughts, interactions, and actions. It further empowers individuals to build meaningful relationships, navigate challenges, and make informed decisions.

• Increases our self-esteem.
• Reduces our anxiety.
• Improves the mood.
• Helps with thinking more clearly.
• Improves relationships.
• Creates an enhanced sense of inner peace.

Some physical health issues, such as stress and heart problems, are directly linked to mental health conditions. Thus, managing stress and improving your mental health condition can have positive outcomes in promoting a healthy lifestyle. 

Types And Causes Of Mental Health Disorders

Mental Health disorders can have a wide range of causes. For most people, it is a combination of factors. Some of the factors that can potentially result in poor mental health are listed below. 

• Childhood abuse or trauma.
• Loneliness.
• Poverty or debt.
• Experiencing discrimination.
• Having a long-term physical health condition.
• Drug and alcohol misuse.
• Losing someone close to you.
• Domestic violence or bullying. 

The different types of health conditions that can be recognized as mental health issues are- 

• Mood Disorders.
• Anxiety Disorder.
• Schizophrenia Disorder.

Mood Disorders 

Mood disorders are also referred to as depressive disorders or affective disorders.

People with these conditions have notable mood changes, like mania, periods of joy, high energy, or depression. Some of the mood disorders are discussed below.

• Bipolar Disorder-

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that causes unusual changes in a person’s mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration. These shifts can make it difficult for them to carry out everyday tasks [4].

• Major Depression-

Major depression is another mood disorder that occurs when feelings of sadness, frustration, loss, or anger get in the way of your life over a long period of time.

• Seasonal Affective Disorder

It is a  type of depression with seasonal patterns. Depressive episodes tend to occur at the same time each year, most commonly during the winter season.

Anxiety Disorders 

Experiencing anxiety in stressful situations is a normal part of life. However, people with anxiety disorders have intense, persistent, and excessive worry and fear about day-to-day situations. 

Below are some of the most common anxiety disorders.

• Generalized anxiety disorder 

Generalized anxiety disorder is a mental health condition that causes constant feelings of fear and worry, disrupting a person’s quality of life.

• Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder where a person regularly has sudden attacks of fear and panic [5].

• Phobias 

A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder that causes a person to experience extreme fear of a living creature, situation, place, or object.

There are different types of fear, such as 

• Simple Phobia-

This type of phobia may involve fear of a specific scenario, object, or animal. For example, a fear of cockroaches.

• Agoraphobia-

Agoraphobia is a disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where a person thinks their environment is unsafe with no way to escape.

• Social phobia-

Social anxiety is a persistent fear of others watching or judging you.

• OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a long-lasting and common disorder in which an individual has uncontrollable, recurring thoughts (obsessions) or behaviors (compulsions) that they feel the need to repeat over and over again [6].

According to NIHM (The National Institute of Mental Health), around 2.5 million adults, or 1.2% of the U.S. population, are affected by OCD [7].

• PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

PSTD can occur in people after experiencing or witnessing an intensely traumatic or stressful event. In this type of event, the individual thinks that their life is in danger, and they feel afraid or think that they have no control over what is happening.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder affects around 7.7 million adults, or 3.6% of the population in the United States [7].

Schizophrenia Disorders

Schizophrenia is a serious mental health condition that affects how an individual feels, behaves, and thinks. People with this illness may seem detached from reality, and the symptoms of this condition can make it difficult to participate in everyday activities.

Risk And Protective Factors For Mental Health

Over the last three decades, research has identified various risk factors for mental disorders in children and adults. A significant shift has occurred from viewing risk factors as fixed and specific circumstances to seeing them as potentially modifiable aspects. 

Mental Illness Risk Factors- Which Factor Is A Component Of Mental Health?

Risk factors are influences that make it more likely that a person will have a mental health issue or problem.

They include social, biological, and psychological factors in the individual, community, or family.

Individual Risk Factors- 

• Individual Risk Factors
• Alcohol and other substance use problems.
• Poor impulse control.
• Compulsive, extreme perfectionism.
• Prior suicide attempt.

Family Risk Factors-

• Financial difficulties
• Family history of suicide
• Alcoholic or drug-addicted parents.
• Depressed and/or suicidal parents.

Community Risk Factors 

• Loss of access to helping services.
• Anniversary of someone else’s suicide or other death.
• Access to lethal means.

Protective Factors of Mental Illness

Protective factors are influences where the chances are less that an individual will develop a mental health problem. This includes biological, social, and psychological factors of the individual.

Individual Protective Factors-

• Help-seeking behavior
• Hope for the future
• Having goals

Family Protective Factors

• Family Cohesion
• Parental presence at key times
• Ability to cope and handle crisis

Community Protective Factors

• Safe and stable environment.
• Availability of counseling in the lives of youth.
• Effective care for mental and physical health and substance use issues [8].

Early Signs Of Mental Health Illness

Paying attention to the Early signs of mental health illness and seeking professional help can significantly improve outcomes and well-being. Below are some of the Early signs of mental illness.

• Displaying negative emotions.
• Experiencing delusions.
• Feeling hopeless
• Being confused
• Sleeping too much or too little.
• Avoiding activities they would normally enjoy.
• Eating too much or too little.
• Lack of energy.
• Thinking of causing physical harm to themselves.
  

Mental Health Diagnosis

At times, it can be challenging to identify the mental illnesses that may be causing your symptoms. Taking the time and effort to get an accurate diagnosis can help determine the appropriate treatment. 

How To Diagnose Mental Illness?

The diagnosis of a mental health illness has several steps that may include more than one physician. Some of the commonly prescribed mental health diagnoses are listed below. 

Physical test –

Before a diagnosis is made, a person may need to undergo a physical exam to rule out if he or she has any underlying physical condition because some mental illnesses, such as anxiety and depression, can have physical causes.

Thyroid problems and other diseases can also sometimes be misdiagnosed as mental health disorders due to similar symptoms. Therefore, a thorough physical exam is essential.

Psychological Evaluation 

A mental health professional, such  as a psychologist or psychiatrist, will ask you a series of questions related to your symptoms, and based on that, they will provide you with medicines and counseling sessions.

Who Diagnoses Mental Illnesses? 

Mental Health disorders are primarily diagnosed by Psychiatrists. They are medical professionals with the knowledge and ability to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. On the other hand, a psychotherapist, such as a psychologist or a licensed counselor, can help you manage mental health issues through your daily activities. They often take a different approach by not prescribing medications in the first place. 

Mental Health Treatment Options

Types of mental health treatment may include the following –

Medication – 

Some mental health illnesses respond well to medicines like antidepressants. These medications mainly work by changing the chemicals in the brain known as neurotransmitters.

Brain stimulation therapies –

Brain stimulation therapies change the way cells and nerves in your brain process chemicals and respond to stimuli.

Psychotherapy-

Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, counseling, or psychological therapy, is an approach to treating mental health conditions by interacting with or talking with a psychologist, psychiatrist, or another mental health provider [2].

Mental Health Self Care- Maintaining Good Mental Wellness

A person dealing with mental health difficulties may need to make some lifestyle changes to facilitate wellness. A few ways to improve mental health may include the following-

• Reducing the intake of alcohol,
• Sleeping more,
• Eating a balanced diet.

People should also take some time off from work to improve their personal relationships, which may be contributing to their mental health problems.

People suffering from depression and anxiety disorders may benefit from certain relaxation techniques, such as 

Deep breathing exercises

• Meditation
• Mindfulness
• Journaling.

Having a support network, such as close friends and family, can also be an essential step towards recovery.

Overcoming Mental Health Stigma

Myths about mental illness can cause significant problems.

Stigma is when someone negatively views or discriminates against you because you have a mental illness.

Some harmful effects of stigma are-

• Physical violence, bullying, or harassment.
• Reluctance to seek treatment.
• Fewer opportunities for work, school, or social activities.
• The belief that you can’t improve your situation. 

Tips For Reducing Mental Health Stigma

Some effective ways that can help reduce the stigma associated with mental health are listed below. 

Get proper treatment –

Don’t let the fear of being judged for your mental illness prevent you from getting treatment. Treatment can provide relief by reducing the symptoms that interfere with your personal life and work.

Don’t isolate yourself-

If you have a mental illness, you may hesitate to tell anyone about it. Your family, friends, and community members can support you if they know about your mental illness; therefore, reach out to people and do not isolate yourself.

Speak Against Stigma-

Express your opinions at events, on the internet, or in letters to the editor because it can instill courage in others facing challenges and educate the public about mental illness.

Don’t Let Stigma Create Shame And Self-Doubt-

Stigma just doesn’t come from others; you may mistakenly believe that your condition is a sign of weakness. Seeking counseling, connecting with your loved ones, and educating yourself about your condition can help you gain self-confidence and overcome self-judgment.

Others’ perceptions always stem from a lack of knowledge and understanding. Learning to accept your condition can make a big difference.

How To Improve Mental Health In The Workplace?

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15 percent of working adults suffered from mental health issues in 2019. The same study also suggests that about 12 billion working days are lost annually due to anxiety and depression, costing approximately 1 trillion US dollars per year due to lost productivity. 

Now, we cannot deny that these statistics are cause for concern. So, what contributes to causing mental health issues at work? 

A few factors that can contribute to mental health problems in the workplace are mentioned below. 

• Lack of support from colleagues. 
• Job insecurities
• Heavy workload
• Poor physical working conditions, including poor lighting or noise exposure.
• Bullying and harassment.

The Top 3 Mental Health Issues in the Workplace

Mental health disorders that can occur in the workplace include:

Stress- 

A key reason that has increased dramatically over the past few years at workplaces. Overtime, long working hours, a lack of support, and unrealistic deadlines are major causes of stress for employees. 

Depression- 

Workplace depression can affect the ability to function normally. 

Rashmi Parmar, MD, a psychiatrist at Community Psychiatry, says, “Any Workplace has the potential to cause depression depending on the level of stress and available support.”

Mental Health America reports that depression is one of the top three mental health issues at work. 

Anxiety-

A report by Mental Health America suggests that about 83 percent of people feel emotionally drained from their work. Workplace anxiety can have a wide range of symptoms, including-

• Feeling good at night but bad in the morning before heading out for work. 
• Procrastinating work-related tasks 
• Feel physically sick when thinking about work or receiving work calls or emails. 
• Not able to focus on work. 
• Lack of motivation to work. 

Mental Health Tips For Employees 

For employees who often face work-related stress and pressures, taking care of mental health is crucial for their overall well-being.

• Set Boundaries- Establishing clear boundaries between work and personal life is essential. Avoid overworking or bringing work-related stress home. After work, it is crucial to allocate time for relaxation and leisure activities.
• Manage Workload: Try to prioritize tasks and manage your workload effectively. Breaking tasks into smaller, manageable steps can reduce feelings of overwhelm.
• Take Breaks- Try to incorporate regular breaks while working to recharge and refresh your mind. Taking short breaks can improve focus and productivity while reducing stress.
• Work in proper lighting- Studies suggest that poor lighting can cause depression and other deficiencies. Working in a well-lit environment that allows proper natural light can help improve energy levels and mood. 
• Practice Desk Exercises- It is advisable to incorporate simple stretches and desk exercises throughout the day to relieve tension and improve circulation. This can help reduce work-related stress.
• Avoid Multitasking- It is best to focus on one task at a time, as multitasking can lead to increased stress and reduced productivity.

Employers Contribution- Improving Mental Health In The Workplace

Improving mental health in the workplace not only benefits employees but also improves the overall productivity of the organization. 

A few simple yet effective steps an employer can take to enhance mental health at work are:

• Prioritize Work-Life Balance- It is important for employers to encourage employees to take breaks, use their vacation time, and avoid excessive overtime. A healthy work-life balance is crucial for maintaining good mental health.
• Conduct Stress-Reduction Activities- Organizing stress-reduction activities such as mindfulness workshops, yoga classes, or meditation sessions can be beneficial in managing stress effectively.
• Regularly Seek Employee Feedback- Conducting anonymous surveys to ensure employee satisfaction can be beneficial. 
• Create a culture of openness- It is important for organizations to make their employees feel that it is safe for them to discuss mental health problems without fear of judgment, harassment, or job loss. 

Mental Health Facilities Near Me

A survey by the website Your Mental Health Pal suggests that, as of 2020, there will be about 12,275 mental health facilities in the USA. Some of the best Mental Health Facilities in the USA are:

Johns Hopkins Hospital- They specialize in adult psychiatry, child and adolescent psychiatry, and substance abuse. 

Location: Baltimore, Maryland.

Massachusetts General Hospital- This hospital has been ranked number 3 on the best US psychiatry hospital list.

Location: Boston, Massachusetts.

McLean Hospital- is affiliated with Harvard Medical School and has seven centers. They are best known for treating drug addiction, depression, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, and elderly psychiatry.

Location: Belmont, Massachusetts.

New York-Presbyterian Hospital- According to the U.S. News and World Report ranking, this hospital is the sixth-best nationwide.

Location: New York.

The Bottom Line 

It is okay to not be okay! You are not alone in this battle!

Mental illness is a common issue, and it affects males and females, young and old, and individuals of every ethnic background, education level, and income level. Luckily, mental illnesses are treatable in most cases.

Below are some dramatic facts about Mental Health

1. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among individuals aged between 15-29 globally.
2. Depression is the chief cause of disability worldwide.
3. The stigma associated with mental illness prevents many people from getting treatment.
4. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that affects about 20 million people around the world.
5. Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 million adults in the United States.
6. According to NAMI (National Alliance On Mental Illness), early warning signs of mental health problems often emerge during the worsening of symptoms and can include feelings, behaviors, and thoughts that disrupt everyday functioning.
7. People suffering from severe mental illness are likely to die 10-20 years earlier than the general population; this is due to physical health conditions.
8. In the United States, half of long-term mental health conditions begin by age 14.

• Depression
• Depression Type
• Symptoms
• Causes
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Overcome Depression
• Wrapping

Depression: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

Depression is a serious and chronic mental health condition that has various treatment options. There are different types, causes, signs, and symptoms of depression.

We all feel sad, low, or moody from time to time, but for some people, these feelings are intense, and they feel this way for long periods of time (weeks, months, or even years). Feeling low or drained emotionally without any valid reason may be a sign of depression. 

Such signs should not be ignored and must be discussed with a physician.

What Is Depression? 

Depression is a serious and common mood disorder that is described as feelings of loss, sadness, or anger that interfere with a person’s everyday life.

Around 5% of adults suffer from depression globally.

The World Health Organization states that depression is the leading cause of disability around the world [1].

Types Of Depression 

There are several different depression types – 

Major depressive disorder

Also known as major depression or clinical depression, major depressive disorder is a mental health condition that is characterized by a persistently sad or depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing a significant negative impact on daily life.

About 7.8%, or 19.4 million adults in the United States, had at least one episode of major depression in the year 2019, according to the National Institute of Medical Health [2].

Bipolar Disorder (Manic depression)

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental health disorder that results in extreme mood swings, including emotional highs ( mania) and lows ( depression).

According to the National Institute Of Mental Health, bipolar disorder affects 5.7 million adult Americans, or about 2.6 million around the age of 18, in the U.S. every year [3]. 

Persistent depressive disorder

Persistent Depressive Disorder is defined as a low mood, along with feelings of low self-esteem and energy, occurring for at least two years, It is a mild but long-term type of depression. It is also known as dysthymia.

Around 3% or more of the U.S. population experiences dysthymia at some point in their lives [4]. 

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Seasonal affective disorder, also known as seasonal depression, is a type of depression triggered by a change in the season, and it most commonly begins in late fall. 

In the United States, about 5% of adults experience seasonal depression [5].

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

While PMS, or premenstrual syndrome, is fairly common among menstruating women, premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a severe type of premenstrual syndrome. It causes behavioral and physical symptoms the week before menstruation and typically gets better with the onset of menstruation.

1 in 12 women in the United States experiences Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.

Psychotic Depression 

When major depression is accompanied by psychosis, it is termed depression with psychosis or psychotic depression. Psychotic depression is a temporary condition characterized by abnormal perceptions that may include hallucinations or delusions.

Situational Depression 

Situational depression is generally a stress-related, short-term type of depression that usually develops after a traumatic life event.

Postpartum Depression (Postnatal Depression)

Postpartum depression is a very serious type of depression that impacts women after giving birth to a child. Some of the symptoms include irritability, loss of appetite, insomnia, and difficulty bonding with the baby. This type of depression is treatable, but without treatment, it can last for several months or even longer.

Postpartum depression occurs in around 6.5-20% of women [6].

If you think you may be suffering from any of these different types of depression that are mentioned above, we urge you to reach out to your health professional.

What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Depression?

The symptoms of depression can range from mild to severe and may vary depending on the type. In general, depression signs and symptoms include the following –

• Feeling very hopeless, sad, or worried.
• Not enjoying things that previously used to bring joy.
• Being easily agitated or frustrated.
• Eating too little or too much may result in weight loss or gain.
• Insomnia ( trouble sleeping) or hypersomnia (sleeping too much).
• Having lower energy levels or fatigue.
• Difficulty concentrating, remembering things, or making decisions.
• Experiencing physical health issues such as headaches, sexual dysfunction, or stomach pain.
• Thoughts of self-harm or suicide.
• Having low energy or fatigue.

Call 988 to reach the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline if you or anyone you know has self-harm or suicidal thoughts.

What Are The Causes Of Depression?

It is exactly not known what causes depression, as with many other mental disorders, but various factors may be involved, such as –

Brain chemistry

An imbalance or change in the levels of neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine, contributes to the development of depression.    

Medical conditions 

Medical conditions such as chronic pain or diabetes can lead to depression.

Hormones

Changes in the balance of the body’s hormones may result in or trigger depression. Hormonal changes during pregnancy and during the weeks or months after delivery (postpartum), and from menopause, thyroid problems, or a number of other conditions.

Inherited traits

Depression is more common in people whose blood relatives, such as parents, also have this condition, and researchers are trying to find genes that are involved in causing depression.

Depression Test And Diagnosis

Diagnosis 

If a person suspects that they have the symptoms of depression, they should seek professional help from a mental health specialist.

A qualified doctor can rule out the various causes, ensure an accurate diagnosis and provide effective and safe treatment.

They will ask questions regarding the symptoms, such as how long they have been suffering from them. A healthcare professional may also conduct an examination to check for any physical causes and may ask for a blood test to rule out other health conditions.

Tests

Mental healthcare providers often ask people with symptoms of depression to complete questionnaires to help assess the severity of their depression.

For example, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale consists of 21 questions. The scores after answering those questions indicate the severity of depression among people who already have a diagnosis.

The Beck Depression Inventory is another example of a questionnaire that helps mental health professionals measure a person’s symptoms [7].

Depression Treatment And Support

Fortunately, depression is one of the most treatable conditions, and approximately 80-90% of people who seek treatment respond well to treatment.

Treatment Options For Depression Include-

• Medicines – 

A prescription medication known as antidepressants can help change the brain chemistry responsible for depression. There are several types of antidepressants available on the market, and it may take some time to figure out which one is best for you.

• Brain stimulation therapy –

Brain stimulation therapy involves activating or inhibiting parts of the brain with a mild electrical current. This therapy can help people with severe depression. There are various types of brain stimulation therapy, such as vagus nerve stimulation. Electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation.

• Psychotherapy – 

Psychotherapy, also called talk therapy, involves talking with a mental health professional. Your therapist helps you identify and change unhealthy thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.

Support For People With Depression – 

Depression isn’t anyone’s fault, and you can’t fix someone’s depression, but your support can help somebody battling with this condition.

You can –

• Find a helpful organization – There are many organizations that offer counseling and support groups for depression. Examples of such organizations are the National Alliance on Mental Illness, as well as employee assistance programs.
• Give positive reinforcement – People with depression may find fault with everything they do and judge themselves negatively. Always remind them about their positive qualities.
• Urge the person to stay with treatment – If someone with depression is in treatment, help them keep appointments with their doctors.
• Try to listen to them – Let them know that you want to learn how they feel, and when they want to talk to you, listen to them patiently and carefully.

Your support and understanding can be powerful healing tools for people with depression.

Ways To Overcome Depression

Try the following coping strategies if you’re going through depression –

• Stay in touch with people because socializing can improve your mood.
• Be more active because there is evidence that exercise can help uplift your mood.
• Face your fears, and do not avoid the things you find difficult. Facing situations that you think are difficult will make them easier.
• Don’t drink too much alcohol.
• Try to eat a healthy, balanced diet.
• Seek help or get treatment if needed.

Wrapping up

Sadness in our lives comes and goes, but depression has enormous depth. Depression can leave you feeling burdened continuously, and everyone’s treatment and experience with depression are different.

If you feel depressed or have any of the symptoms of depression, we recommend you consult or talk to your mental health professional.

• Definition
• Symptoms Of Anxiety?
• What Causes Anxiety?
• Anxiety Disorders
• Anxiety Attacks
• Risk Of Experiencing Anxiety Disorders
• Affect Children?
• Diagnosed
• Treatment
• Attacks
• Prevention
• Treatment Option

Anxiety Disorders: The Complete Guide to Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Anxiety is a common reaction of the body to stress and threat. Feeling anxious at times is common but if it is persistent and interferes with your daily activities, then you may have an Anxiety Disorder. It is caused by various factors such as chemical imbalance, heredity, and social and environmental factors, and its symptoms can be treated by medication and psychotherapy.

Are you someone who struggles with Anxiety? If yes, then this blog is going to help you understand everything about Anxiety, such as its types, diagnosis, and treatment, and how to find the anxiety relief you need.

Anxiety is one of the leading mental health problems around the world, and its incidence is still rising, especially among youth.

One of the common reasons for the rise in anxiety cases is the burden of uncertainty in almost every aspect of modern life. Uncertainty is not the cause of anxiety, but it provides breeding grounds for it.

What Is Anxiety? – Overview Of Anxiety Disorder

First things first! What are Anxiety and Anxiety disorders? Let’s understand the concepts.

Anxiety is a natural and common response of the body to stress. It is a feeling about what’s to come. 

A common example of anxiety is giving a speech in front of a huge crowd or going to a job interview may cause some people to feel nervous and fearful.

But, if your Anxiety is severe, lasts for at least 6 months, and interferes with your daily life, you may have an Anxiety Disorder.

Living with Anxiety Disorder can cause physical stress to the body, especially to the cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, respiratory, and immune systems, and it can put a lot of strain on relationships. 

The estimated percent of U.S. adults with various anxiety disorders (in any given year) are as follows –

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 0.9% (Adolescents) 2.9% (Adults)
• Selective mutism – 0.03-1.9% ( Europe, Israel, U.S.)
• Specific phobia – 8%-12% (U.S.)
• Panic Disorder – 2%-3% (U.S.)
• Social Anxiety Disorder – 7% (U.S.)
• Agoraphobia – 1 – 1.7% (Adults and Adolescents, worldwide)
• Separation Anxiety Disorder – 4% (Children); 1.6% (Adolescents); 0.9%-1.9% (Adults) [3].

Family and friends may feel stressed because they don’t want their loved ones to suffer, and they do not always know how to help.

Anxiety can make you feel detached from yourself and from reality.

Types Of Anxiety Disorders

There are various types of Anxiety Disorders that are discussed below – 

Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia is a type of mental health condition characterized by an irrational fear of not being able to escape a situation.

People with Agoraphobia tend to avoid specific situations and places. For example, they might avoid public transport, and in severe cases, some people may become housebound.

GAD or Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is the most common type of Anxiety Disorder that causes a constant feeling of fear, worry, and being overwhelmed by everyday situations.  Anxiety might have no clear trigger or cause, and it can cause irritability, muscle tension, and trouble sleeping.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder causes intrusive and distressing thoughts that a person may manage by carrying out repetitive behaviors that provide temporary relief. For example, they repeatedly wash their hands in fear of contamination.

Panic Disorder

Before talking about panic disorder, we must first understand the term ‘panic attack.’

A panic attack is a sudden feeling of intense fear when there is no real danger or apparent cause.

Many individuals have just one or two panic attacks in their lives, but if you’ve had unexpected and recurrent panic attacks, then it can be a condition called panic disorder.

Selective Mutism

Selective mutism is a rare disorder where a person can’t speak in a certain situation and is typically very shy.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric disorder that happens to some people who have experienced a traumatic event, causing them to feel shocked, helpless, or fearful. It can have long-term effects on the person, including difficulty sleeping, anxiety, and flashbacks.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder, also known as social phobia, is a medical condition characterized by the fear of being judged or negatively evaluated by others in performance or social situations.

Separation Anxiety

Separation Anxiety is an Anxiety Disorder that is typically common in infants and little children between the ages of six and seven months and three years, but it may manifest itself in adolescents, older children, and adults pathologically.

An individual with separation Anxiety experiences excessive fear or anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (for example, a caretaker, parents, siblings, or significant other).

Phobias 

A phobia is a persistent fear of a situation, activity, or specific object that generally does not cause any harm. Patients are aware that their fear is excessive, but they can’t cope with it, and these fears cause them to go to extreme levels to avoid what they fear. Examples are fear of spiders, fear of public speaking, etc.

What Are The Symptoms Of Anxiety?

The Anxiety symptoms vary based on the type of Anxiety Disorder one has. Symptoms of an Anxiety Disorder include the following –

Physical Symptoms Of Anxiety:

Anxiety can impact the physical health and result in-

• Dry mouth
• Nausea
• Muscle tension
• Shortness of breath
• Heart palpitations
• Cold or sweaty hands
• Numbness in the hands or feet.
  

Behavioral symptoms:

• Trouble sleeping
• Inability to be calm and still
• Ritualistic behaviors, such as repeatedly washing hands.

Mental symptoms:

• Nightmares
• Uncontrollable, obsessive thoughts
• Feeling fear, panic, and uneasiness
• Repeated flashbacks or thoughts of traumatic experiences.

Anxiety Symptoms In Women

Anxiety attack symptoms do not vary based on the gender of the person. Symptoms visible in men may also be seen in women. However, according to the website Caron, the following signs of anxiety are reported in women. 

• Increase in heart rate.
• Insomnia and Sleeping disorder.
• Difficulty in focus and concentration.
• Tiredness and weakness.
• Irritability.
• Rapid breathing. 
• Lethargy. 
• Sweating. 
  

What Causes Anxiety?

Anxiety Disorders are like other types of mental illnesses in that they don’t come from character flaws or personal weaknesses.

Some of the possible causes of anxiety are as follows.

Chemical Imbalance 

Long-lasting stress can change the chemical balance in the brain that controls your mood, and experiencing a lot of stress for a long period of time can cause Anxiety Disorder. 

Environmental Factors 

Experiencing trauma might lead to or trigger Anxiety Disorder, especially in individuals who have inherited a higher risk of developing it. 

Heredity

Anxiety Disorders are sometimes caused by heredity because they run in families, and one can inherit them from their parents (both or one parent) [2].

Some social factors may also cause Anxiety disorders, such as –

• Displacement.
• Poverty.
• Degradation relating to climate change.
• Loss of cultural heritage. 

What Are Anxiety Attacks?

A panic or anxiety arrack is an intense fear that occurs suddenly and peaks within a few minutes. Often, the initial trigger of the fear is unknown. 

The physical symptoms of an anxiety attack may mimic a heart attack. Often the fear of being judged may also trigger panic attacks in people. 

Some common symptoms of panic or anxiety attacks are-

• Shaking.
• Chest Pain.
• Nausea. 
• Feeling Of Choking.
• Sweating.
• Fear Of Dying.
• Numbness. 
• Feeling Of Being Doomed.
• Hot Flashes.
  

Who Is At Risk Of Experiencing Anxiety Disorders?

The chances of experiencing anxiety are higher in the following people-

• People with a history of negative life events.
• Having personality traits such as nervousness and shyness. 
• Stressful corporate or work life. 
• People with thyroid disorders are more prone to anxiety. 
• 25% of people with anxiety have a first-degree relative suffering from a similar condition. 

How Do Anxiety Disorders Affect Children?

It is normal for a child to feel anxious at a certain point. Situations like an upcoming test, thunderstorm, or a dog barking can cause fear and worry in children. 

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 9.4% of children between the age group of 1 to 17 years suffer from anxiety [4]. 

Often such children find it hard to stop thinking about all their fears. They get stuck in their worries, making it hard for them to enjoy their daily activities, like playing, going outside, going to school, and even falling asleep. 

Anxiety disorder symptoms in children include- 

• Headaches
• Anger
• Sleep Issues
• Fatigue
• Irritability 
• Stomach Pain
• Fear.
  

How Is Anxiety Diagnosed? 

If you have symptoms of Anxiety Disorder, your doctor will examine you and ask you questions regarding your medical history. They may also run physical tests to rule out other health conditions that might be the leading cause of your symptoms.

No lab test can diagnose Anxiety Disorders specifically.

If your doctor doesn’t find any physical health issues behind your symptoms, they may send you to a psychologist, psychiatrist, or another mental health specialist. Those doctors will use testing and tools and ask you a set of questions to find out if you have an anxiety disorder.

The United States Preventive Service Task Force recommends screening for anxiety in children and adolescents ages 8 to 18 years and major depressive screening in adolescents ages 12 to 18 years.

Treatment For Anxiety Disorder

The two main anxiety treatments are psychotherapy and medication. One may benefit the most from the combination of the two. It may take some trial and error to discover which treatment is best for you.

Psychotherapy

Also known as psychological counseling or talk therapy, psychotherapy is an effective treatment for anxiety that involves working with a therapist to lower anxiety symptoms.

CBT, or cognitive behavioral therapy, is an effective form of psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders. It is a short-term treatment that focuses on teaching specific skills to improve the symptoms of anxiety and gradually return to the activities that an individual avoided because of anxiety.

CBT includes exposure therapy, in which an individual gradually encounters the situation or objects that trigger their anxiety symptoms so that they can gain confidence and manage the situation.

Various types of drugs are used to relieve symptoms of Anxiety Disorder, depending on the type of disorder one has.  For example:

• Certain antidepressants (Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most commonly prescribed medication for anxiety disorders).
• Anti-anxiety medication called buspirone.
• In certain situations, a doctor can also prescribe other types of sedatives (benzodiazepines) or beta blockers. These medicines can provide short-term relief from the symptoms of anxiety and are not intended for long-term use.

Treatment For Anxiety Attacks

Natural Remedies- Coping Mechanisms Of Anxiety

Here are some strategies that one can try to help manage anxious feelings.

• Try relaxation techniques such as meditation and Mindfulness.
• Eat a balanced diet.
• Make sleep your priority.
• Limit the intake of Alcohol.
• Get regular exercise.
• Develop a support network.
• Make time for things you enjoy.
• Get Outside and breathe.
• Seek professional help if needed.

Anxiety prevention

If there is even a remote chance to prevent suffering from anxiety, we should give it a try. 

Preventing Anxiety In Children And Teens

The causes of anxiety in Children and teens can be different from most adults. Some of the health approaches that may help in preventing the disorder in such a population are listed below. 

• Ensuring that children are not bullied in their school. 
• Promoting youth violence prevention. 
• Encouraging mental health programs at school and the local community. 
• Following child maltreatment prevention methods. 

As a parent, communicate with your child and ensure that they feel free to opening about their issues. 

In Adults 

• By avoiding places, people, and situations that may trigger your anxiety symptoms. 
• Limiting the use of coffee. 
• Being mindful of situations that cause stress. 
• Talking to your friends and family for support.
• At work, you can find solace in your coworkers.  

Severe Anxiety Disorder And Its Treatment Option- Wrapping Up

Anxiety can affect all areas of your life, from your relationships to how you think about yourself, but always keep in mind that there is help available for this condition.

Fortunately, Anxiety is treatable, and many people can manage their Anxiety symptoms through medication, lifestyle changes, healthy coping strategies, and therapy.